Changes that have occurred in the last generation with regard to Essay

Changes that have occurred in the last generation with regard to personal and family finances - Essay Example When the man of the house lost his job, the wife would join the workforce, providing the needed income until the man found another job. In instances of divorce the woman, who previously wasn’t working, would get a job to support her kids. A stay at home parent provided the necessary safety net during times of economic distress.Poor saving habit is another danger to the financial stabilities of today's families. If parents with two paychecks saved the second one then this would act as a safety net. With the change in generation, there has also been a significant decline in savings amongst families. Parents are using the additional incomes on extravagant items for their children and themselves. An increased push for housing in decent school districts is responsible for the financial crisis faced by many families at present. This situation is as a result of a loss of confidence of the education system. The government should increase investment in the schools that the middle incom e took their children to. The increased demand for these so-called decent preschools and good colleges lead a rise in their cost. The extra income earned by the woman pays for this. It is a fact that two-income families earn more today than what a family with individual breadwinners used to earn a generation ago. The cost of mortgage, taxes, health insurance and daycare are higher than before. The net effect is that the discretionary income of today's dual-income families is lower than before.

Success Story of David Robert Joseph Beckham Essay

Success Story of David Robert Joseph Beckham - Essay Example Success Story of David Robert Joseph Beckham Most of the famous success stories seems to have their respective head-start from a failure. When it comes to understanding and assessing the success story of David Beckham, one can begin with the hardships he underwent during his initial years as a football player. It has been written by a number of writers who have witnessed or interviewed Beckham that his coach or football teachers remain a reason behind Beckham’s increased effort towards football. It was very difficult for him to get his positions in the football team because a common view was observed in the 1990s that players need to have a typical physique i.e. the players have to be tall and have toned muscles etc. Despite such a stereotype, Beckham worked hard to get the training as a football player. It was his determination and effort that he was able to play in a team of fewer than 15 years of age in 1990s. Later on, he played football for a couple of other football club s. The major clubs where Beckham has served most of the years of his football career included Read Madrid, Manchester United, Galaxy etc (Reavis). In the present times, David Beckham has been able to gain a lot of fame that he ended up being the legacy for most of the clubs. Let alone in Manchester United, he has held the captaincy for about fifty-nine times. In addition, he is known as Beckham for his face value has increased up to $1bn (Cujo). Cijo, Mark. You Branding: Reinventing Your Personal Identity As a Successful Brand.

Buffalo Nearing Extinction But Not Cattle

Buffalo Nearing Extinction But Not Cattle Two centuries ago there were more buffalo than cattle in the United States. Even though millions of cattle are killed for beef consumption each year, the cattle population continues to grow while the buffalo are virtually extinct. Why? Buffalo Nearing Extinction But Not Cattle It is believed that as many as one hundred million buffalo used to roamed North America, as far South as Mexico and as far North as Canada (Anonymous). Some estimates range from thirty million to one thousand (million) in the fifteen hundreds (Krech 3rd). That day has long passed and it is sad to see such low numbers of the buffalo. Within one hundred years of the Western settlement of the United States, the North American herds of buffalo had nearly disappeared. The slaughtering of the precious animals was continuous until they were practically impossible to find. The buffalo first came close to extinction in the late eighteen hundreds when their number was decreased down to only a few hundred (Anonymous). Krech III explains that prior to the arrival of Europeans and their powerful, transforming products, desires and structures, American Indians possessed extensive knowledge about the environments in which they lived and made sense of living beings in myriad culturally appropriate w ays (Krech 3rd, pg 1) Or in other words before European settlers came to the United States the Indians were not harming the buffalo population. The primary reason for the near-extinction of the American bison was due to the greedy European settlers who came and destroyed the Indians way of life. Three reasons that buffalo are such few in numbers include the fact that Indians used them as a source for food but also every part of the buffalos body was used for tools or anything they could possible use it for. The settling Americans needed the Indians to move so their thought was to rid the Indians of their primary food source the buffalo. With the Indians food source gone the settlers expected that he Indians would move more willingly and they would then be out of the settlers way so to speak (Anonymous). Another reason the buffalo needed to be removed from the open plains was because they posed a dangerous threat to the new trains that had tracks running across the country. Without the buffalo roaming around the trains would be more efficient and in less danger. Practically everyone wanted to be lowering the number of the buffalo whether it is for food or safety. This is very sad but the hunters who took part in in clearing the Indians food source were greatly benefiting from the hides that they were selling and this only made them more inclined to hunt the buffalo (Anonymous). The hides were very valuable at the time for making robes and rugs out of the thick fur. All combined together these reasons pretty much accumulate to carelessness by everyone, greed by the settlers, and the reduction of the land that these beautiful beasts once roamed on. Cows, on the other hand, came to America after the buffalo had already almost become extinct (Anonymous). Cattle made a large supply of food for the settlers who were just coming to America (Krech). Cattle are significantly smaller than buffalo, less aggressive than buffalo and although they dont have as strong of an immune system as buffalo (Krech) they were the meat production of choice when the settlers first came to the United States. The production and breeding of buffalo (being a wild animal) was never really planned because it would have been a wonderful idea if someone would have thought of that earlier. By the time a controlled breeding by the settlers was necessary the buffalo were so few in number that it wouldnt have worked for them. The cattle were great in number and have now become a major product for the Unites States. The buffalo were still unprotected for many years but a few caring people made the preservation of the last few hundred buffalo possible (Anonymous). C ow hides are nice and warm but they are nothing in comparison to the thick furry coats of the American bison. When it came to the buffalo, people were so focused on making money off of the hides that they were not thinking about future generations who would have no food because of the low number of buffalo (Anonymous). Although an alternative source of meat was found it would have been better if they were conscientious of the future generations and the population of buffalo. The Indians actually used almost every part of the buffalo; the hides without hair were used for moccasins, leggings, and other clothing, tipi covers and linings, shields, maul covers, cups and kettles, [carrying cases] the hides with hair or Robes were used for winter clothing, gloves, bedding, [and] costumes. The hair was used for ropes, stuffing, [and] yarn. The horns were used for arrow points, bow parts, ladles and spoons/cups, [and] containers. The hoofs were used for glue and the list goes on for a long time (Krech 3rd , pg 5). Yet the Americans wanted to rid the Indians of their food source so they would go aroun d just killing the buffalo just for sport or for hides, not for their everyday needs (Anonymous). Although buffalo were a good source of food the main reason that they almost became extinct and they are not a major food source today like cattle is because the settlers were not only killing them for food. When the settlers were ridding the country of buffalo just to make the Indians easier to persuade to relocate (Anonymous), they were unknowingly blinded by greed. They could have used the buffalo as their major food source; especially since buffalo meat is healthier for you than beef (buffalo have a much more lean meat than cattle). Anyways, the buffalo were so low in number that breeding them would still not create a large enough food source and it was much more convenient and easy to go ahead and use the domesticated cattle as their mass production of meat to feed the settlers since the cattle were already large in number. Cattle breeding took over from this point for the production of beef, and the number of buffalo is still working on growing today. Part B: Why do politicians so often support special interest groups? The Corruption of Politics I feel that I should start off by saying that in the idealized democratic society, economic policy is determined by one man, one vote (Grossman 1). This means to me that although this one person (the president of any organization or country) has a goal to make their citizens happy, is primarily in control of each individual decision at some point in time. Through my research I found that some special interest groups tend to hold large amounts of money (Franzese). Politics revolves around money and every politician needs the support of its people and basically their money to make it through their campaign. Although it is simply one mans decision to try and please all it may not be his best benefit to please everyone but rather the special interest groups who can best support him financially; in other words some special interest groups can use money as a bribing token to result in desired policies being passed by fueling a specific candidates campaign (Grossman). Mark C. Schug wonders if there could be something about basic economics that elected officials see as detrimental to the long-term health of their political careers (4) and he also claims that It is possible that the jobs of elected officials would be made more difficult if basic economic concepts were widely understood by voter (Schug 4). According to these conclusions Schug believes that politicians want the people of the general population to understand as little about how the economy works because the ignorant voters will be less knowledgeable of what goes on behind the curtain; these behind the scene secrets include things like special interest groups swaying a politicians decisions, buying the political vote through financial support. Financial support is supposed to be donations to the politician that you most side with or agree with, not bribery where you pay the politicians to make a certain decision that you are in favor of. Although this is immoral as well as illegal it happens all the time un derneath our nose. Why people can get away with this I dont know but its possible they get paid a pretty penny too. There are several kinds of interest groups that exist but the one primary type of interest groups are known pressure groups. Pressure groups include narrow interests such as peanut farmers, autoworkers, or shareholders as well as broader interests that include retired workers, capital workers, and those with special concerns for the environment (Grossman). The activities and influences of interest groups Work Cited Anonymous. How Did Bison Almost Become Extinct. Demand Media, Inc. (2012): Web Accessed December 2012. Clark, Josh. Do Special interest groups hurt candidates? HowStuffWork, Inc. (2012): Web Accessed 4 December 2012. Franzese, Anthony. Comp II 1213 Professor (2012) Grossman, Gene M. and Elhanan Helpman. Special Interest Groups. National Bureau of Economic Research (2009): 1-6. Print. Krech 3rd, Shepard. Buffalo Tales: The Near-Extermination of the American Bison. National Humanities Center: Brown University (2006): 1-6. Print. Schug, M. C., Lee, D. R. (2012). Why economic education is dangerous for politicians. Journal of Private Enterprise, 28(1), 47-60. Print.

sayings of jesus :: essays research papers

THE HARD SAYINGS OF JESUS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CHAPTERS 1-20   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a Christian and a bible student there is on greater subject than Jesus. No other person has effected history more than Jesus; some say he was a prophet, some say he was a great teacher, and others just think he was crazy. But, to those of us who know him to be the Son of God it is very important to understand his teachings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout Jesus ministry on earth he made a number of statements that went misunderstood both then and now. However it is important as followers of Christ to understand the teachings of his ministry. The author of this book starts off with one of Jesus’ toughest sayings. The saying is found in John 6:53 were he says that, â€Å"unless you eat the flesh of the Son of man and drink his blood, you have no life in you.† To an orthodox Jew this comes off as pure heresy. The Law of Moses forbids cannibalism and drinking blood. However the writer explains this statement as a gradual revelation of who He was. The writer, F.F. Bruce started with the feeding of the 5,000 on (pg 21) and the walking on the water, then in a teaching in the synagogue about manna (Exodus 16:13-36 or Numbers11: 4-9). The story of the woman at the well, also pointed to the fact that Jesus was the Bread of Life and the Living water.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another saying of Jesus that proved his power and authority on earth to forgive sins found in Mark 2:10, â€Å"The Son of man has authority on earth to forgive sins.† This saying of Jesus occurred before the healing of the paralytic. He was lowered in to the house were Jesus was at by his four friends. The reason the author gave for this being a hard saying is that only a spokesmen of God could say that god has forgiven their sins and they did not see Jesus as such authority.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have noticed in Jesus ministry that he was often more strict than the Law; for example in Matthew chapter five Jesus makes a series of statements that start with, â€Å"For you have heard it was said ______ but I say______.† Jesus addresses the subjects of murder, adultery, divorce, oaths, and retaliation or vengeance. It is in these dialogs that it is painfully obvious that the Sadducees did not understand the law.

Abraham Lincoln: Sectional President as Preserver of the Union Essay

Before Lincoln became president, there was already much sectional tension between the North and the South, mostly over slavery. While slavery was illegal in most Northern states, it was still the basis of the South’s economy. The main issue was over slavery in the new territories gained through compromises and the Mexican war. At first, the Missouri Compromise temporarily solved the problem, by making it so that in every territory slavery would be illegal, and in return the North would enforce a stricter slave fugitive law. However, this was overthrown by the Kansas-Nebraska Act, ruining the temporary peace. These acts made it so that slavery in the areas would be decided by popular sovereignty, which meant that the people living there voted on it. The North was outraged and began to fight for abolition. When the South’s candidate John Bell lost to Lincoln, several states seceded, because he threatened their slavery-based economy. See more: Examples of satire in adventures of huckfinn essay By the time Buchanan’s term ended and Lincoln took office, there were already seven states that had seceded. Lincoln’s leadership during the Civil War led to Union victory. First, he ensured that the Border States, the states that were still on the edge, joined the Union by proclaiming that it was not a war to end slavery, but a war to save the Union. If he would not have gained these states, it is very likely that the Confederacy could have won the war. He also proclaimed war in such a way that he would gain support, not lose it. He sent supplies to Fort Sumter, only to provide for them, not to reinforce them. However, South Carolina troops attacked the fort, allowing Lincoln to declare war on the South and gained support from troops to regain control of military forts. Lincoln also extended his powers, because of the Supreme Court case which ruled that the president had more power during a time of war. He created the draft, forcing much needed soldiers into drafting. He also used that to declare the Emancipation Proclamation, in which he set all Southern slaves free. This was justified by the fact that the South viewed slaves as property and the government had the right to take away property during times of war. Lincoln’s careful leadership and planning led to victory of the Civil War and preserved the Union. Lincoln’s leadership was also vital after the Civil War. He passed the Homestead Act, which gave settlers land in the West. This was one of the most important acts in American history, because it boosted the economy as an influx of people moved to the west. This also led to industrialization, as new railroads and factories arose in the west. He also encouraged industrialization through his protective tariff. During the war he placed a higher protective tariff, which boosted the North’s economy. He supported internal improvements, such as the building of railroads and new technology. Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan would have helped the South. He allowed for easy re-admittance into the Union. All they had to do was receive sworn statements from ten percent of the population, promising to follow new laws against slavery. If he would not have been assassinated, Lincoln would have helped the South a great deal, so his death was actually bad for them. Lincoln was one of the best presidents in American history. His unique qualities of honesty, fairness, and empathy allowed him to lead the country during a time of crisis. His actions during the Civil War saved the Union from completely dividing. He also ensured that slavery was completely abolished through the thirteenth and fourteenth amendments.

Hong Kong Business Law Assignment

Hong Kong Business Law Assignment 1 1. Zoe wants to sue the retailer to claim back property damage of $22,000. The consumer claim to sue the retailer of HK$22,000 is a minor monetary claim. The Smalls Claims Tribunal was set up to deal with monetary claims involving amounts not exceeding HK$50,000. It is an inferior court which provides a quick , inexpensive and informal method of adjudicating disputes relating to minor monetary claim. Legal representation is not allowed.It is most feasible for Zoe to claim back the HK$22,000 with minimal litigation costs. 2. Possess 0. 05 gram ketamine is categorized as a summary offence. Legal actions for summary offences can be heard in the Magistracy. The Magistracy was set up to exercise criminal jurisdiction over a wide range of indictable and summary offences meriting up to 2 years' imprisonment and a fine of $100,000. Magistrate can also issue warrants, bind a person over to keep the peace and a grant bail. 3. Annie will bring an action under the tort law.Tort law concerns with claims for property damage and personal injuries directly arising out of breaches of a duty of care owed by one individual to another. Tort law provides compensation for both injury to the person and property, causing pure economic loss and for injury. The District Court has limited jurisdiction in both civil and criminal matters. It has civil jurisdiction to hear monetary claims from $ 50,001 and up to $ 1 million. The common types of civil action that the District Court deals with are claims for breach of contract and tort claims.Legal actions for tort claims can be heard in the district court. As Annie wants to claim for claim compensation of HK $85,000, the amount is within the civil jurisdiction of the District Court. Annie can apply to the District Court and a judge will determine whether or not Annie's case will succeed. 4. Bonnie Li can apply to the Labour Tribunal for the unreasonable dismissal by Asia Construction Materials Ltd. Labour Tribunal was set up to provide a quick, inexpensive and informal method of setting disputes between employees and employers. Legal representation is not allowed.It deals with claims arising from the breach of a term of a contract of employment including employment protection. An employee may claim for remedies against an employer under situation of unreasonable dismissal. It is most feasible for Bonnie Li to recover salary in lieu of notice, relevant accrued fringe benefits owed by the employer and other associated compensation with minimal litigation costs. 5. Henry can apply to the Court of First Instance of the High Court for a legal action for judicial review of the decision of the Legislative Council.Constitutional Law are rules which effect distribution and exercise of power and relate to legislature, the executive institutions and the judiciary. Under the Basic Law, legislative council of HKSAR is deemed in law as â€Å"legislature of the Region†. Because the Court of First Instance can exercise supervisory jurisdictions. Supervisory jurisdiction is exercised over inferior courts, tribunals, administrative authorities or public bodies acting judicially through applications for judicial review procedure by the alleged aggravated party. A judge will determine whether or not Henry's case will succeed.

Quality Management essays

Quality Management essays The point that this book stresses, I believe is summed up by Quality is free, but it is not a gift. (pg 136) There are many supplemental ideas that must be thrown into play in order for quality to work. Along with changes in style of ones management of operations. By using these changes, the book was well on convincing me that quality is attainable. The second sentence in the book reads Getting people to do better all the worthwhile things they ought to be doing anyway. (pg. 3) I think that this is a key element in making quality certain in an operation. Employee discipline stops the things that have to be done 2-3 times instead of once. The changes that can be made will save you money and time. When jobs; have to be done again because they were not done right the first time, there is a major opportunity cost to the company. In order to be successful we must reduce the cost of Quality. People seem to think that these types of preventions are highly desirable but unattainable (pg. 4). Ideas like these are what lead to companies spending 15-20% of every sales dollar on reworking, repeated service, scrapping, inspections, tests, and other quality costs. (1st page of book) I think that responsibility is a major element in quality. People want to make excuses why they couldnt do their job correctly the first time. From Crosbys experience he stated, Everybody felt it (quality) was a problem, but not their responsibility. This is the exact reason that Phillip Crosby is rich and has a best selling book. He decided to take the initiative to attain an unattainable market. People perform to the standards of their leaders. For a company to attain quality management it has to get right in there and be active. Employees monitor and measure management constantly, to determine which attitudes and beliefs are stronger. (pg. 7) Our consistency at wanting to know what displ...

Eat Drink Man Woman Movie Review Confucian Ethics and Traditional Chinese Family Life

Eat Drink Man Woman Movie Review Confucian Ethics and Traditional Chinese Family Life Introduction Confucianism is a philosophical attribute used in China and which is based on the ethical values upheld by the Chinese community. The philosophy originated from the teachings of the K’ungu-fu-tzu also known as Confucius, a philosopher who has influenced the ethical system in Chinese society. It was first designed and centered on sociopolitical teachings but since then, it has shifted and it is now based on humanism (Sinaiko 12).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Eat Drink Man Woman† Movie Review: Confucian Ethics and Traditional Chinese Family Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The concept which is a humanistic approach recognizes that human values are not stagnant and can be changed from one form to another. Three aspects are borne form this belief that people are teachable, improvable and perfectible as well. The ideology is focused on preserving the humane aspect of members of the society by employing different teachings based on different foundations. There are three foundations that govern the act of Confucianism in the Chinese republic. These are ren, yi and li (Sinaiko 15). The three foundations touch on different aspects of the Chinese culture. For instance, the ren is the act of being humane to other people in the community and it is collectively known as altruism. (Xinzhong 24) Yi on the other hand is the act of behaving in a morally upright manner. In this case, people are expected to do good things. The last aspect which is li requires that one be humble for the sake of the other person. In Chinese society, one opts to give up his or her life either passively or actively for ren and yi to be effectively achieved in the community (Xinzhong 25). From this philosophical context, it is obvious why the movie â€Å"Eat Drink Man and Woman† was created in such a manner. The idea was to point out the ethical context of the Chinese people specifically those in Taiwan. This paper is a philosophical review of this movie. In the review, the author provides their reflections on the main ideas of the movie as well as on Confucian ethics in traditional Chinese family life. The connection between Confucian ideas on one hand and Chinese family life on the other hand in the movie will be addressed. Eat Drink Man and Woman Movie Review: Plot Summary The movie was released in 1994 by the Taiwan Film Records under the directorship of Ang Lee. He puts into context Confucianism by dramatizing the manners of the Taiwan community based on facts about life, love, and modernity. He uses food to explain the ideology of modern people in the community (Vick 3). Synopsis There are three daughters in the family who are not married. They live with their father who is a widower. It is noted that food is the main aspect in the film whereby the father cooks traditional foods and none of the daughter likes his dishes. They perceive it as too outdated but t heir father loves them so much such that he encourages them to eat the food. During Sunday dinners, he prepares for them traditional food and the relationship in the family seems to grow deeper and deeper (Vick 5).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The daughters are always afraid of him but in the film, the father can tell stories in different circumstances and this makes the daughters to have the urge to eat and have a deeper relationship with the father. Secretly, the middle sister loves the traditional food and aspires to be a cook in future even though the women are not encouraged to cook in the community (Vick 7). â€Å"Eat Drink Man and Woman† reveals the sexual and love scenarios in the society as the unattached daughters try to get engaged to other men in the surroundings who come to upset the calm at home. The middle daughter, Jia Chien, works with the air line services and gets a boyfriend from the office where she works. This changes the family relationship especially with the father (Vick 5). The first born daughter, Jia Jen, falls in love with a volleyball player and coach and she hunts for the man hysterically after realizing that she can be in love again on the basis of human desires. Initially, the older sister was so cynical about men. The youngest daughter, Jia Ning, is always in a constant sexual relationship and she eventually becomes pregnant while in college (Vick 9). The director of the movie introduces different characters in the film to highlight the family relationship. He especially highlights the characters of those men who are attracted to the ladies. For example, Li Kai in the office is attracted to the second born daughter. The climax of the film is when Mr. Chu begins dating Jia –Ning. The gentleman tells her that he wants to end his addiction to love. He confesses that he is too weak to do so as he does not know how to approach the act of love (Vick 9). The different characters change the family especially in the way they relate to one another. The family had a happy ending as each member clings to what they feel suits them better. The father marries a beautiful wife as all his daughters also get married elsewhere (Vick 13). Philosophical Context of the Movie and Confucianism Ethical Issues The movie is a reflection of Chinese ethical values. For example, the generation gap is a vital reflection in this movie as portrayed by the three daughters refusing to eat the traditional food. But the second born daughter secretly likes the traditionally made food from his father’s house and aspires to be a chef even though the Chinese society does not allow women to be chefs (Xinzhong 8). From a philosophical perspective, it is the opinion of this author that this is a very backward trend in the society as portrayed in the movie. Food takes center stage in this movie as portrayed by th e effects it has on the relationship between the father and his daughters. Love follows second as reflected in the other characters that become an obstacle in the normal family relationship. From the three foundations discussed by the writer earlier in this paper, these two themes clearly reflect modernity as far as generation gap is concerned. This is in regard to how people from different generations relate to one another.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Eat Drink Man Woman† Movie Review: Confucian Ethics and Traditional Chinese Family Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Traditions seem to frighten the daughters away but the father seems to understand it. He convinces the daughters and succeeds in making one of them like the traditional meals (Vick 23). Confucianism is reflected here as the father shows humanity and patience when dealing with the daughters. The three foundations the writer explained earlier and which includes li demands that each individual sacrifice his or her life to accommodate other individuals. This is clearly seen in the second born daughter who secretly loves the traditional food. Here, loyalty is paramount to adhere to the cultural values which lack in the other daughters. Relationships As far as Confucian philosophy is concerned, the movie also reflects the kind of relationships that revolves around Chinese families. Relationship mounts to different levels which finally crescendos to the unexpected ending in the film. The Chinese culture provides that relationship is the centre of the Confucius ideology. In this case, it requires duties to be carried out in certain manners by certain individuals. This includes different relationships from different individuals. For instance, the relationship between parents and children as well as relationship among the children, juniors, and seniors as well (Xinzhong 24). The relationship in the film is reflected in the three daughters and the father. Some of the daughters are not aware of the place they occupy in the social order. This is clearly seen as the last born daughter behaves contrary to the Chinese norms. The Confucius requires young people to love their parents, when married to love the partner and so forth. All these are seen to recede in the background as modernism has taken root in the Chinese culture with fathers becoming cooks and daughters aspiring to become cooks too (Sinaiko 31). Women in Confucian Thought The film is revolves around the three daughters of a father who is widowed. The Confucian philosophy requires women to adhere to moral integrity. According to the philosophy, women are supposed to posses three qualities as far as a virtuous woman is concerned. First, they should be subordinate to the father before they get a husband. The woman is also supposed to be subordinate to the man she gets married to. Finally, the Chinese culture requires that the woman be subordin ate to the son after the husband passes on. All these makes up the Chinese woman as far as chastity is concerned (Xinzhong 26). Men on the other hand are supposed to remarry whenever they want and this is clearly evident in the movie as all of the daughters get married and the father also gets himself a beautiful wife hence the happy ending. However, the generation gap denies the characters in the film the opportunity to be virtuous women. This is seen as two of the daughters disregard the idea of the traditional food and start engaging in promiscuity (Xinzhong 29).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Promiscuity is seen in the younger daughter who gets pregnant while in college. The first born daughter has also tested love which led to a painful experience for her and that is why she is cynical about men. But at the end of it all she resolves to get engaged to a coach (Vick 19). Parting Shot The movie has portrays different cultural aspects of the Chinese society specifically in Taiwan. The director’s idea in the movie was to point out the moral loss in the current Chinese cultural practices. The traditional foods seem ridiculous to the current generation but it is the only way to make sure that the traditional norms are passed from one generation to the other by a father. Love and life norms are also some of the director’s view in the film where Confucianism clearly illustrates the importance of adhering to the cultural values. Sinaiko, Herman. Reclaiming the Canon: Essays on Philosophy, Poetry, and History. New York: Yale University Press, 2010. Print. Vick, Tom . Asian Cinema: A Field Guide. New York: Harper Perennial, 2008. Print. Xinzhong, Yao. An Introduction to Confucianism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Print.

Character Analysis Of Hamlet

Character Analysis Of Hamlet Hamlet is very brave in that he does not fear a challenge. Hamlet at times can prove to be very cautious, at times he thinks when he should act, however when you are king there can be advisors for such matters. â€Å"Beware Of entrance to a quarrel; but being in, Bear’t that the opposed may beware of thee. Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice; Take each man’s censure, but reserve thy judgment. Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy, But not express’d in fancy; rich, not gaudy; For the apparel oft proclaims the man.† (William Shakespeare, â€Å"Hamlet†, Act 1 Scene 3) Many times in history leaders should have thought, when instead they acted on impulse, for example Odysseus, from â€Å"The Odyssey† when he and his men escaped the island of the Cyclops instead of tucking his tail and being happy with his slight victory after taking numerous loses, he instead taunted the Cyclops and brought harm near his crew and to himself. For Odysseus di d not know that the father of this monster was the water god Poseidon. Odysseus like all heroes, his main downfall was hubris, and because Hamlet thinks so before he acts he avoids mistakes like this adding to his attributes as a good leader. He can also be as brave as Hercules, for instance when he travels to see the Ghost of his father for the first time, he could have sunk back and ran from the very sight of it, but instead he ran after it and confronted the Ghost and demanded answers. He did not fear what he could not understand as his companions that accompanied him did, instead he was assertive and got to the bottom of the matter. Another account when Hamlet showed quick thinking and bravery was when he intercepted a letter from his Uncle Claudius to the King of England ordering the death of Hamlet on his arrival to England, instead of running and hiding Hamlet used his wits and changed the letter from his head to be had to that of his deliverers. Then in a challenge of swords by Laretes, known to be one of the very best swordsman in his land, Hamlet does not back down. Hamlet takes the challenge head on proving his worth in battle. The fact that Hamlet is his father’s son is very important, he was there behind his father always watching and observing how a king did and should behave, he saw his father’s bravery and his mistakes and Hamlet could use all these experiences to make himself a better king even better than his father. He is of a bloodline of kings, a tradition that is to be kept and Hamlet would have been next in line. The job of taking the throne was in his blood when he assumed the responsibility, ready or not he would have known what to do. â€Å"There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.† (William Shakespeare, â€Å"Hamlet†, Act 2 scene 2)

The Dowry system in India Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Dowry system in India - Research Paper Example Kautilya believed that there is absolutely no guilt for a wife to project such property regimes of hers in maintaining her son or even her daughter-in-law. One should not forget her own role in essence as well (Nazzari 1991). The dowry was a security that the girl would take with her into her new life in case of any adversity that may come. It was also a practice that would take place only among the wealthy families, but today it has seeped down to all levels in the Indian Society. The dowry system might have started as a sign of Good Blessings from the bride side, but today it has become a social evil which have taken the lives of many women all across India. The concept of dowry, somehow, evolved in to a practice in which the giving of dowry has become a compulsory act, which if not completed could mean that the girl is either not accepted or she is tortured after the wedding by her in-laws (Luthra 1999). The fear of â€Å"No Dowry, No Marriage† is too far spread in India. It was this social evil that resulted in the killing of Infant girls as soon as they were born, or having a low status as compared to the male siblings in the family. The birth of a girl became synonymous with the burden and cost of the dowry that she would be worth when her time for marriage would come. The concept of marriage however by the twenty first century became so commercialized that the grooms worth actually started to be determined by not only class and caste, but also by his qualifications and the prospect that he may have in the employment market. The highly prospect the groom is, higher is the expectation of the dowry. According to Leela Mullatti â€Å"the custom of dowry has taken the form of a market transition in all classes and castes irrespective of the level if education† (Shurmer-Smith 2000). The practice almost seems like that the bride’s family are suppose to keep the grooms family entice with the supply of the goods in the form of dowry and then

Cybersecurity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cybersecurity - Essay Example According to the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies, NICCS (2013), this initiative also covers the private sector, students from primary to university level and the workforce in general. NICE framework gives a standardized working taxonomy that fits into the occupational structure of an organization. The framework gives seven categories of jobs sharing common functions (Jackson, 2011). ‘Securely’ provides for conceptualization, designing and building secure IT systems. The administration, maintenance and support for performance and security would be covered under ‘operate and maintain.’ ‘Protect and defend’ ensures that threats get identified, analyzed and mitigated. The framework also provides for the ‘investigation’ of breaches, crimes and incidents. Under ‘operate and collect,’ intelligence would be developed from cybersecurity information. The ‘analyze’ arm of the framework encompasses reviewing and evaluating incoming information so as to evaluate how useful it would be for intelligence. Finally, the framework offers ‘support’ to other parties undertaking cybersecurity tas ks. Therefore, this framework provides a standard approach that baselines capabilities, identifies the gaps in skills, develops cybersecurity talent in organizations and prepares for future talent. The NICE initiative is an important component of organizations based on the key findings on cybercrime survey in the US by Price Waterhouse Coopers, PWC (2013). The survey indicates that organizational leaders do not know those responsible for the cybersecurity of their organizations. In case of an attack, such organizations would find it difficult to identify those responsible. The NICE initiative serves the important role of ensuring organizations have cybersecurity workers and defining cybersecurity professional requirements. Secondly, many leaders still underestimate the capabilities of their cyber-adversaries and the associated possible reputational, financial and regulatory risks. NICE raises awareness on the risks involved in online activities, hence informing such leaders appropri ately. Finally, through expanding social collaborations, use of mobile devices and adoption of cloud computing, leaders unknowingly increase their vulnerabilities to digital attacks. Through broadening of the pool of support workers in cybersecurity and developing and maintaining an internationally competitive cybersecurity workforce, the NICE initiative ensures that organizations adopt emerging technologies without compromising the security of their information. Led by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, the NICE initiative anticipates raising a cybersecure public and an internationally acclaimed cybersecurity workforce (Bullock, Haddow, & Coppola, 2013). Thus, it aims at making resources for educating and training on the improvement of cyber skills, knowledge and behavior available to all the population segments so as to make the American public aware of the risks associated with online activities. It seeks to bring forth a secure digital nation that would ad vance the economic prosperity of America and its national security

Research Design and Research Logistics Assignment

Research Design and Research Logistics - Assignment Example And within the time and resource constraints for study, maximizing objectives from conflicting desiderata articulated by McGrath seems to be in perfect connivance. And, whether the set of choices made by Eveland was a best strategy is an interesting facet. In the words of Eveland (1988), "we hoped this experiment would illuminate, although, not all of them have been answered" (p. 375). This reaffirms the notion propagated by McGrath, that "the set of choices is systemically circular; it starts with a problem, and gets back to the problem." The cycle of empirical research stands vindicated (Runkel and McGrath, 1972). Eveland's approach in the study under reference seems to follow the methodical strategy, which are generic classes of research settings for gaining knowledge about a research problem. In this context, the problem being, "the impact of computer-supported systems on the work group structures." The research method adopted herein maps into slices I (field experiments and field study, with sample surveys) of the strategy circumplex (Runkel and McGrath, 1972). The point of maximum concern is on the system context and generalizability over the actors. In terms of maximizing generalizability context, Eveland's study used a relatively small sample and inclusion of younger employees was perhaps desirable. In terms of Cronbach (1957) classification of designs, Eveland followed both the comparison and correlation techniques. The study compared the performance between conventional and computer supported work groups; and so also, analysis of variance analysis as in trend analysis of member contact within work group over the study period. The power point slides on research methods ("Research Methods in I/O Psychology", 2008) concisely enumerates the research process, which has also been adopted by Eveland, viz.: ask questions; generate hypothesis; design a study; collect data; data analysis; and interpret-present results. Since the Eveland study used random assignment techniques to select group members, in the terminology of Trochim (2007) the approach could be classified as 'randomized experiment' which helps in deducing casual relationships. 2. After listing and distinguishing a variety of research designs, explain the advantages and limitations of each; why did Dr. Eveland choose the research design he chose Research design provides a formal structure to a research study. A three-fold classification is often used to define a research design: randomized or true experimen

Lab 5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lab 5 - Assignment Example For the debt collectors, it is revealed that they earn commissions based on the amounts they collect. Consequently, the debt collectors has been employing underhand tactics, harassment and even breaking the law, to accomplish desired targets. Some of the debt collectors have even resulted to using coercion and force in the pursuit of collecting amounts due. Some agencies have even resulted to breaking and entering personal property to recover debts due. The subsequent episodes show how a portion of the population is taking advantage of people in credit card debt through fraudulent means. Additionally, it is later revealed that credit companies, may actually be lying regarding credit card debt, repayment plans and interest rates. The credit card firms have also began selling accounts of customers in debt to collection agencies, which is illegal. That last two episodes are more advisory and reflective. They place emphasis on the fact that, in yester years, American citizens did not accrue so much date. In the last episode, viewers are advised against falling into the trap of credit card debt and for those already in debt, they should be vigilant. Indeed, credit card debt is termed as the next big crisis in America. 2) Caveat emptor is a legal principle that confers to the buyer, the responsibility of ensuring that the good/service bought, is operational and in good condition. In the legal and business sense, the credit card companies were not liable since, the parties were competent. Moreover, the credit card companies acted in good faith, since the economy was booming and they could not foretell the financial crisis (Andrews 2011). 6) As a judge, I would rule against the 30 year old because his history suggest he is mentally competent. Furthermore, the primary reason for his inability to repay the debt is financial irresponsibility and the credit crunch. 8) (A) I think

Alternative Benchmarking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alternative Benchmarking - Essay Example Lester Electronics had an exclusivity agreement to purchase its electronic supplies from Shangwa – Electronics which helped the firm obtain low-cost merchandise. This type of agreements is a common occurrence in the business world. Toyota Corporation is one of the largest car manufacturers which in 2007 sold over 8.5 million vehicles worldwide (Toyota, 2008). Toyota Corporation signed an exclusive contract in 2002 with BHP Billiton to supply the firm with its fleet of vehicles in its Australia operation to reduce overall transportation costs for this company (Bhpbilliton, 2005). Toyota is a firm constantly looking to negotiate deals and to get involve in project that will add value to the company. Two examples of negotiations between this firm and two other giants in the car manufacturing industry are the GM and Ford negotiations. In 2006 Toyota in order to top the efforts of its direct competitors, Nissan and Renault, the company seriously considered an alliance with General Motors (Isidore, 2006). The financial position of GM was the key variable that did not allow the deal to get done at the time. In early 2007 a partnership formation between Toyota and Ford was in the works to form a joint venture or partnership on powertrain technology (Krebs, 2007). The case study and the research into the automaker Toyota Corporation demonstrates the importance of the chosen capital structure of a company and the necessity to seek out alternatives to solve business issues to capitalize on business opportunities. A corporate business structure gives the management team and board of the directors of the firm the ability to make decision such as selling a portion of the business in the open market to finance projects that can generate income streams for a firm. Strategic alliances are great alternative for companies that do not involve an equity commitment which makes this strategic choice very popular in the international

Research Design and Research Logistics Assignment

Research Design and Research Logistics - Assignment Example And within the time and resource constraints for study, maximizing objectives from conflicting desiderata articulated by McGrath seems to be in perfect connivance. And, whether the set of choices made by Eveland was a best strategy is an interesting facet. In the words of Eveland (1988), "we hoped this experiment would illuminate, although, not all of them have been answered" (p. 375). This reaffirms the notion propagated by McGrath, that "the set of choices is systemically circular; it starts with a problem, and gets back to the problem." The cycle of empirical research stands vindicated (Runkel and McGrath, 1972). Eveland's approach in the study under reference seems to follow the methodical strategy, which are generic classes of research settings for gaining knowledge about a research problem. In this context, the problem being, "the impact of computer-supported systems on the work group structures." The research method adopted herein maps into slices I (field experiments and field study, with sample surveys) of the strategy circumplex (Runkel and McGrath, 1972). The point of maximum concern is on the system context and generalizability over the actors. In terms of maximizing generalizability context, Eveland's study used a relatively small sample and inclusion of younger employees was perhaps desirable. In terms of Cronbach (1957) classification of designs, Eveland followed both the comparison and correlation techniques. The study compared the performance between conventional and computer supported work groups; and so also, analysis of variance analysis as in trend analysis of member contact within work group over the study period. The power point slides on research methods ("Research Methods in I/O Psychology", 2008) concisely enumerates the research process, which has also been adopted by Eveland, viz.: ask questions; generate hypothesis; design a study; collect data; data analysis; and interpret-present results. Since the Eveland study used random assignment techniques to select group members, in the terminology of Trochim (2007) the approach could be classified as 'randomized experiment' which helps in deducing casual relationships. 2. After listing and distinguishing a variety of research designs, explain the advantages and limitations of each; why did Dr. Eveland choose the research design he chose Research design provides a formal structure to a research study. A three-fold classification is often used to define a research design: randomized or true experimen

Alternative Benchmarking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alternative Benchmarking - Essay Example Lester Electronics had an exclusivity agreement to purchase its electronic supplies from Shangwa – Electronics which helped the firm obtain low-cost merchandise. This type of agreements is a common occurrence in the business world. Toyota Corporation is one of the largest car manufacturers which in 2007 sold over 8.5 million vehicles worldwide (Toyota, 2008). Toyota Corporation signed an exclusive contract in 2002 with BHP Billiton to supply the firm with its fleet of vehicles in its Australia operation to reduce overall transportation costs for this company (Bhpbilliton, 2005). Toyota is a firm constantly looking to negotiate deals and to get involve in project that will add value to the company. Two examples of negotiations between this firm and two other giants in the car manufacturing industry are the GM and Ford negotiations. In 2006 Toyota in order to top the efforts of its direct competitors, Nissan and Renault, the company seriously considered an alliance with General Motors (Isidore, 2006). The financial position of GM was the key variable that did not allow the deal to get done at the time. In early 2007 a partnership formation between Toyota and Ford was in the works to form a joint venture or partnership on powertrain technology (Krebs, 2007). The case study and the research into the automaker Toyota Corporation demonstrates the importance of the chosen capital structure of a company and the necessity to seek out alternatives to solve business issues to capitalize on business opportunities. A corporate business structure gives the management team and board of the directors of the firm the ability to make decision such as selling a portion of the business in the open market to finance projects that can generate income streams for a firm. Strategic alliances are great alternative for companies that do not involve an equity commitment which makes this strategic choice very popular in the international

Protestant Reformation Essay Example for Free

Protestant Reformation Essay Although the Protestant Reformation usually is interpreted as a religious movement, it did have a profound impact on European civilization in general. Discuss the political, social, and economic consequences of the Reformation. How did the Reformation affect women? The European Reformation was not a simple revolution, a protest movement with a single leader, a defined set of objectives, or a coherent organization. It was a series of parallel movements; within each of which various people with different perspectives for a crucial period in history combined forces to achieve the shared objectives. * Political Consequences: (1) Political History of the Era along with military confrontation. (2) Declining influence of the church. (3) Destroying of the concept of European unity. * Social Consequences: (1) Impact of women Including Martin Luther’s exaltation of marriage) (2) Shared responsibility of men and women- Men were leaders of household. (3) Peasants War * Economic Consequences: (1) People were free from medieval ideas and the tyranny of the Orthodox Church. (2) Moneylender was given a status in society. (3) By annihilating the economic power of the medieval Church, the Reformation paved the way for the rise of capitalism. The Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century schism within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The 1517 posting of Luthers Ninety-Five Theses laid the foundation for this shift in European history. An immediate and unfortunate effect of the Reformation was intolerance. Instead of showing the true spirit of Christ, that is, the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man, the Reformation made thousands suffer on account of their religion. On the other hand, The Reformation led to a series of religious wars that culminated in the Thirty Years War (1618–1648), which devastated much of Germany, killing between 24.9 and 40% of its population.

Cost Estimation for Meeting Perths Water Needs

Cost Estimation for Meeting Perths Water Needs (a) Introduction 2.1 This career episode is based on my engineering activity at the University of Western Australia. It is about an assignment I carried out during the second semester of my masters degree in the unit Process synthesis and design, worth 25 % of the overall grade. The assignment was released on 11 August 2015 and was due on the 18 September 2015.Thus the entire task was completed in just five weeks time. (b) Background 2.2. The project on Cost Estimation for Meeting Perths Water Needs was carried out as an assignment for the unit Process Synthesis and Design. I was part of a group of six people. The project required the calculation of CAPEX and OPEX for two different scenarios and comparison of both to determine the suitable one for real life implementation. This assignment involved several design stages along with the study of flow in a pipeline in order to select the appropriate piping and the length required to meet the water requirement over a 50 year lifetime. The project was completed successfully under the guidance of Prof. Mike Johns, School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering at the University of Western Australia. 2.3 Decreasing annual rainfall and subsequent decrease in water supply had become the talk of media and local government in Perth. This has caused an interest in techniques to supply fresh water to Perth. The project aimed at evaluating two different scenarios to meet with Perths increasing water demands. The first scenario considered in the project was a two stage RO Desalination plant that would intake seawater and produce fresh water at 1000 à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â€š ¬Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ¿/à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ… ½Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¦. The second scenario was the design construction of a 2435 km Kimberly pipeline from Argyle dam to Perth capable of meeting the same fresh water requirement per day. 2.4 Some of the core duties I was involved in are as follows: I performed literature reviews and referred several materials to understand various prospects of the project. I divided the task among my team members and ensured that they accomplished their assigned tasks effectively. I estimated the CAPEX and OPEX for two different scenarios. I contributed to the discussion with the members of my team on the merits and demerits of each case of the project. I attended meetings with my supervisor and team members to discuss the progress of the project and to exchange our contributions. I also compared and validated certain theoretical results with that of my calculated ones using appropriate approaches to suit the requirements of the project. I welcomed the challenge in completing a cost breakdown analysis by selecting the appropriate material based on its mechanical properties, pressure head, volumetric flow rate, velocity and followed by certain significant assumptions throughout the project. I prepared charts and tabulations of selection and cost analysis for different equipment and materials. I also prepared a report on the comparison of CAPEX and OPEX of two different scenarios and contributed more towards the design of reverse osmosis desalination plant and its functions. (c) Personal Engineering Activity The assignment required the comparison of CAPEX (Capital Expenditure) and OPEX (Operational Expenditure) for two scenarios. The first scenario given was the reverse osmosis desalination plant. This process consists of several stages. I analyzed the process to determine the amount of feed required to produce 1000 à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â€š ¬Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ¿/à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ… ½Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¦ of fresh water. I discovered that from the 45% recovery of the RO membrane system, a 2222.2 à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â€š ¬Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ¿/à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ… ½Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¦ of salt water feed will provide the required 1000 à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â€š ¬Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ¿/à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ… ½Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¦ of fresh water to Perth. Figure 1: Reverse Osmosis design selection block diagram 2.6 In order to determine the OPEX, all the steps involved in the process had to be accounted. In order to do so, I broke down the process into independent steps. The first step was the pre-treatment of feed water to avoid fouling in the membrane system. Managing membrane fouling with pre-treatment methods reduces the replacement rate of membranes and lowers the ongoing OPEX costs. The next step involved in the process was coagulation. I chose Ferric Salts as a coagulant because of its tendency to disinfect microorganisms, partially degrade and oxidize the organic and inorganic impurities, and remove suspended particulate materials in a single dosing and mixing unit process. The next step in the process was the passage of feed water through Dual-filters. After extensive research, I decided that the Anthracite bed on silica sand was best suited to remove suspended solids and colloids formed in the ferric salt treatment. Lastly the feed was passed through micron cartridge filters to re move fine particles and bacterial matter before it was processed through a high pressure pump to the membranes. 2.7 The final and the most important step of the process was the selection of membrane. Referring to a number of papers, I found out that the best suited membrane for the specific purpose was the Toray TM820-440 membranes. These membrane elements had a high salt rejection percentage, large flux, low cost and are efficient on energy use to minimize OPEX costs. Before distribution, the permeate needs to be treated to maintain pH and remove corrosion potential. Lime contactors can increase hardness, alkalinity and pH while preventing calcium to leech from pipes into the distribution system. 2.8 I prepared the CAPEX by scaling up the capacity of an existing desalination plant to match the desired capacity. I considered The Perth Seawater Desalination Plant in Kwinana which has a capacity of 45à °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ºÃƒ °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ¿/à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¦Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ… ½Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ… ¸ and incurred a capital cost of $387 million AUD. I also took Southern Seawater Desalination Plant into consideration in Binningup which had a capital cost of $1400 million AUD and produces 100 GL/year. Of the two, I selected the Binningup desalination plant as it was built much more recently compared to that of kwinana. From calculations, I found that the proposed plant is 3.65 times larger than the Binningup plant and as such, the CAPEX could be approximated to $5110 million AUD. 2.9 Operating Costs can be classified as fixed or variable. Figure 2: Operating expenditure classification used in the project The table below summarizes the OPEX estimation for the Desalination plant. Table 1: Summary of RO Desalination OPEX Cost Components 2.10 The second scenario to be considered was the Argyle Dam Pipeline. The solution costs were based on quotes from two Australian companies:   Steel Mains and Flowserve. I selected these two companies based on a background study that I carried out. From the research, I learnt that these companies have been involved in numerous Australian water transport projects and abide by Australian standards. The final solution that I selected was based on Steel Mains cement mortar lined pipe model DN2200 and custom made pumps designed by Flowserve with an operating head value of 250 metres with inlet and outlet valves equal to the diameter needed. The 250 metres operating head was chosen as the pipes are designed to work at 2.7MPa. After discussion with the team members, two solutions were proposed: a real pipeline with outer diameter of 2159mm, 3 pipelines with 3 pumps per pipeline, and the other one having theoretical pipelines with outer diameter 2520mm, 2 pipelines with 3 pumps. The CAPEX estimation for the proposals is as follows: Table 2: Summary of Pipeline CAPEX Cost Components The OPEX estimation has been limited to the power requirements of the pumping stations and the personnel required to run the pipeline. Table 3: Summary of Pipeline OPEX Cost Components I compared the CAPEX and OPEX along with the advantages and disadvantages of both the scenarios to determine which of the two would be more suitable for real life application. For the Kimberley pipeline, the CAPEX cost ($36.6 billion AUD) heavily exceeds the desalination plant. This large CAPEX cost comes from the cost of purchasing DN2200 pipes which have an estimated lifetime of 100 years. The major factor contributing to the OPEX value from the pipeline is maintenance (77.7%). On the proposed desalination plant solution, the CAPEX cost is relatively low compared to the pipeline ($6.275 billion AUD). The majority of this cost comes from the installation of high pressure pumping station, and a seawater desalination system with energy recovery devices which are a long term investment to save on high energy costs of up to 50-60% associated with desalination. The majority of OPEX estimates come from the cost of power to run the plant (81%). Considering all the facts, I decided that the desalination plant should be selected over the Kimberley project. This is because the desalination plant is more economically feasible over a large time span. Even though the pipeline has been designed to facilitate this increase in demand, CAPEX estimates are too expensive to justify this project. I also carried out several calculations to determine the velocity of water running through the selected pipelines and was found to be 1.08 m/s. Table 4: Information summary of real (calculated values) and theoretical pipeline options Parameters such as Reynolds number, relative roughness, pressure drop, volumetric flow rate and pipeline elevation were also determined when selecting the appropriate pipeline for this project. Estimating the appropriate number of pumping stations at remote areas along the length of the pipeline was one of the tedious task in the project as it involved a lot calculations and literature reviews. A different approach to this project was the consideration of solar technology over wave supply to be the best present day strategy at remote areas as the supply of power to pumping stations was not be a viable option by the latter. Unfortunately, these winds are not a reliable option in the interior parts of Western Australia and so would not be a feasible selection for power supply to a potential pipeline. Overall, I was able to achieve all the objectives of the project successfully within the specified time and prepared a final report incorporating all the necessary design calculations, ide as and suggestions which could have improved the overall outcome of the project. A peer review was also submitted at the end of the project as a reflection on how each team member contributed individually for the project. (d) Summary 2.15 This project provided me with a valuable experience and great insight into an industrial project. I gained profound knowledge on process economics and also helped boost my confidence. During the course of the project, I understood the importance of team work and team management. I utilized my engineering knowledge for the successful completion of the project and as a whole, this project served as a stepping stone into the industrial world.

Love Cant Be Simply Put :: essays research papers

The famous Benjamin Franklin once said, "If you would be loved, love and be lovable." But what is love, it can be defined by the Webster's dictionary as a "profoundly tender, passionate affection for another person." Even with that just being said countless poets, philosophers, and authors have fallen short of truly capturing the full meaning of love. The reason could lie in the differences of love and its ability to change throughout our lives. When a baby is born and placed into the hands of loving parents, the love that the baby is able to get is vital in the development of it. The love or lack of love starts to change you from the beginning of your life and continues throughout adulthood. The young baby needs the love and wants the attention. It needs to be protected and cared for. Undoubtedly there is a major love for a baby and the love of the baby for the mother. Interestingly some people say that they love chocolate, basketball, sex, and even cars. But that doesn't fall into the Webster's definition of being "profoundly tender, passionate affection for another person." Also it doesn't agree with Benjamin Franklin's, "If you would be loved, love and be lovable." As everyone knows the game of basketball is not a person and it can't love you back. So why would someone say that they love those things? I know from my own experiences that I have a passionate affection for playing the game and I feel a joy in playing it. Continuing to blur the meaning of love with it's diversity in the relationships we have for people and objects. For instance, I love my mom, dad, brothers, dog, sports, and many more. During certain periods of my life the love will certainly rise or fade. Also the intensity of that love is not the same in all those relationships. For I have never been in love with a girl, I may only imagine what it might be like to be in love. Guessing from my friends relationships with other girls it seems like a big headache instead of wonderful bliss like some poets maybe would like to put it. When Benjamin Franklin said, "If you would be loved, love and be lovable," he must have meant that love goes both ways. That not only is it important to love but also important in how it is received.

Philosophical and Political Aspects of Lord the Flies Essay -- Lord Fl

Philosophical and Political Aspects of Lord the Flies      Ã‚  Ã‚   Is easy enough to make a broad generalization about philosophical, political or even religious interpretations on each book ( even if we consider religion in some way vinculated to philosophy), but in reality the issue is an extremely complex one. It would be so comfortable to reduce a story to a mere source of external references and to lose all the nuances that make literature a special phenomenon; I ´m not saying literature is only style but it must not be subdued to its content. And, unfortunately, that is a typical contemporary quirk.      Ã‚  Ã‚   This not only happens in literature; for example, in children ´s films, where the content is supposed to be political unexisting, there always appears somebody who tries to give the movie a second political reading, trying therefore to measure its value by any subjective comment. It would appear then that some creations do not have enough interest if viewed from a neutral point of view.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The fact of the matter is that literature is not a mere moral eulogistic topic. In this essay we shall try to contrast several interpretations, mainly focusing on philosophical and political aspects, including religion if necessary.      Ã‚  Ã‚   A number of key issues arise from the simbology of the book. The story is an allegory traced with great skill and allows the reader to give the book second readings.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Firstly, we would like to explain some possible meanings of the islands as a metaphor. When framing the book on an island, the author ´s purpose is to freely experiment with the characters and the ... ...oo when he does not want to recognize being implied on Simon's murder.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Perhaps the reason to be learned from this book is that we all hide a tyrant, or an evil, or a dark instinct which must be sacrificed in favour of living in society. Maybe those features are natural; but the human being is also social by nature, and so the fatal conflict could be intrinsic and unavoidable within ourselves. 'The Lord of the Flies' could not be a great question but a mere explanation of what we are. An explanation of human history and a pessimist message for those who believe in utopia. Anyway, if pessimism is an obstacle, it is also a challenge to be faced; and by facing trouble, if you are not destroyed, you will surely check out that there is a lot of truth in this simply, known but overwhelming phrase: whatever does not kill you makes you stronger.

Psychological Aspects of Remember the Titans

Quinn Psych 100 November 13, 2012 Psychology in Movies Psychology is the study of or science of how individuals and groups behave and their mental processes. Characteristics of these behaviors and mental processes are portrayed in many different ways within the movies that we create. Within the movie, Remember the Titans, many social psychology concepts are present. Remember the Titans is a movie set in Virginia 1971, its about a high school football team and how they come together in order to try and win the state championship.Unfortunately it is not that simple, this is a high school that has just been forced to integrate in a time of racial segregation, in a town where football is everything and is most of the boys’ ticket out of town and onto college. The three concepts that are evident in the movie are foot-in-the-door phenomenon, groupthink, and ingroup bias and outgroup. The first concept is foot-in-the-door phenomenon. There is a scene where the teams newly appointed A frican American head coach, Coach Boone, forces all the boys off the two busses taking them to their two week camp.Then he separates the team into two groups, offense and defense, and then pairs each player with a teammate of a different race. Coach Boone goes on to explain to them that this is also the person with whom they will be sharing a room with; this is his initial small request. As camp continues on the team gets to know each other and slowly the race lines between them fade and they become close to each other. So Coach Boone’s initial request helped the team to later comply with his request of them to play together as a strong bonded team.This later request would not have been possible if asked originally, he had to start with a smaller request and work his way up to the larger request. Groupthink is the second psychology concept within Remember the Titans. After the team returns from the football camp, where they united together, they win a couple of games but the hatred and racism is still strong within the town and they slowly disband because of this. Gerry, Julius, Rev, and Louie tell the team about a mandatory team meeting, but as the other teammates show up they start to realize that the coaches aren’t there and are about to leave.The four that organized this meeting ask them to stay and hear them out. They talk about winning games but point out that that isn’t a win, sticking together through all the chaos as a team is a true win. This meeting or decision making group decide to work for harmony within the group and let it override the realistic alternative of reverting back to the hate of each other that is the norm in the town. This entire movie is encased with ingroup bias and outgroups. A great example of this is a scene when the team is at their football camp.Louie goes to sit down at a table of all African Americans and Julius says, â€Å"What you doing man? † Louie answers â€Å"I’m eating lunch. † and Julius replies â€Å"I see you eating lunch. Why you eating over here? Why don’t you go on over there and eat with your people. † This shows Julius’ tendency to favor his own group over Louie who is perceived to be part of a group that is different than his group. Remember the Titans being set in a segregated time is all about the in-group and out-group.In conclusion, the three concepts that are evident in Remember the Titans are foot-in-the-door phenomenon, groupthink, and ingroup bias and outgroup. Adding these concepts into the plot made this a stronger storyline, by creating a dynamic story. The concept of groupthink is a concept that I think isn’t experienced enough with most people having a â€Å"me† attitude rather than the desire for harmony or that anyone should feel outside or not part of the ingroup. This has opened my eyes to all the social psychology aspects within movies.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Proposal Essay

Hazards exist in every workplace in many different forms: sharp edges, falling objects, flying sparks, chemicals, noise and other potentially dangerous situations. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires that employers protect their employees from workplace hazards that can cause injury. Controlling a hazard at its source is the best way to protect employees. Depending on the hazard or workplace conditions, OSHA recommends the use of engineering or work practice controls to manage or eliminate hazards to the greatest extent possible. For example, building a barrier between the hazard and the employees is an engineering control; changing the way in which employees perform their work is a work practice control. When engineering, work practice and administrative controls are not feasible or do not provide sufficient protection, employers must provide personal protective equipment (PPE) to their employees and ensure its use. Personal protective equipment, commonly referred to as â€Å"PPE†, is equipment worn to minimize exposure to a variety of hazards. Examples of PPE include such items as gloves, foot and eye protection, protective hearing devices (earplugs, muffs) hard hats, respirators and full body suits. This guide will help both employers and employees do the following: Understand the types of PPE. Know the basics of conducting a â€Å"hazard assessment† of the workplace. Select appropriate PPE for a variety of circumstances. Understand what kind of training is needed in the proper use and care of PPE. The information in this guide is general in nature and does not address all workplace hazards or PPE requirements. The information, methods and procedures in this guide are based on the OSHA requirements for PPE as set forth in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) at 29 CFR 1910. 132 (General requirements); 29 CFR 1910. 133 (Eye and face protection); 29 CFR 1910. 135 (Head protection); 29 CFR 1910. 136 (Foot protection); 29 CFR 1910. 137 (Electrical protective equipment); 29 CFR 1910. 138 (Hand protection); and regulations that cover the construction industry, at 29 CFR 1926. 95 (Criteria for personal protective equipment); 29 CFR 1926. 96 (Occupational foot protection); 29 CFR 1926. 100 (Head protection); 29 CFR 1926. 101 (Hearing protection); and 29 CFR 1926. 102 (Eye and face protection); and for the maritime industry at 29 CFR 1915. 152 (General requirements); 29 CFR 1915. 153 (Eye and face protection); 29 CFR 1915. 155 (Head protection); 29 CFR 1915. 156 (Foot protection); and 29 CFR 1915. 157 (Hand and body protection). OSHA requires the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) to reduce employee exposure to hazards when engineering and administrative controls are not feasible or effective in reducing these exposures to acceptable levels. Employers are required to determine if PPE should be used to protect their workers. If PPE is to be used, a PPE program should be implemented. This program should address the hazards present; the selection, maintenance, and use of PPE; the training of employees; and monitoring of the program to ensure its ongoing effectiveness. PPE is addressed in specific standards for the general industry, shipyard employment, marine terminals, and long shoring . The Requirement for PPE To ensure the greatest possible protection for employees in the workplace, the cooperative efforts of both employers and employees will help in establishing and maintaining a safe and healthful work environment. In general, employers are responsible for: ? Performing a â€Å"hazard assessment† of the workplace to identify and control physical and health hazards. Identifying and providing appropriate PPE for employees. Training employees in the use and care of the PPE. Maintaining PPE, including replacing worn or damaged PPE. Periodically reviewing, updating and evaluating the effectiveness of the PPE program. In general, employees should: Properly wear PPE, Attend training sessions on PPE, Care for, clean and maintain PPE, and Inform a supervisor of the need to repair or replace PPE. Specific requirements for PPE are presented in many different OSHA standards, published in 29 CFR. Some standards require that employers provide PPE at no cost to the employee while others simply state that the employer must provide PPE. Appendix A at page 40 lists those standards that require the employer to provide PPE and those that require the employer to provide PPE at no cost to the employee. United States department of labor Secretary of Labor Thomas E. Perez

Character Analysis of Roderigo in Othello Essay -- Othello Essays

The play begins with a conversation between Roderigo and Iago. The opening lines are significant in that they set the tone and initiate the plot. Roderigo’s thematic purpose is portrayed through Iago’s manipulation in the lines, â€Å"Tush, never tell me! I take it much unkindly/ That thou, Iago, who hast had my purse/ As if the strings were thine shouldst know of this.† (1.1.1-3). Roderigo learns about the elopement of the Moor and Desdemona. He questions Iago in pursuit of the money he has given him in order to woo Desdemona. These lines show that even before the play begins Iago greatly influences Roderigo. The relationship and trust the two characters have is made apparent through the first lines. Iago takes enjoyment in influencing people, as seen through his first soliloquy: Thus do I ever make my fool my purse; For I mine own gain’d knowledge should profane If I would time expend with such a snipe But for my sport and profit. (1.3.374-377). Iago states that the only reason he spends time with Roderigo is for his own wealth and pleasure. His plan is to continue giving Roderigo unfulfilled promises. Iago continues to manipulate Roderigo. He convinces him that Desdemona will soon grow tired of Othello and begin to search for a younger, handsome man to fulfill her desires. Continuing to build on Rod sake of his reputation, Iago persuades Roderigo to kill Cassio. In doing so, Roderigo only injures the lieutenant. Iago sees his plan collapsing and rushes in to kill Roderigo. Betrayed by his friend, Roderigo died in pursuit of Desdemona’s love. As a minor character, Roderigo has a significant impact on several themes such as manipulation, jealousy and betrayal. Throughout Shakespeare’s drama, Roderigo is manipulated into performing tasks in which Iago does not want to take part in. Roderigo’s jealousy towards Othello increases as the play progresses. His endless love for Desdemona leads him to his tragic death where he has be betrayed by a person in which he once called his friend. At a first glance, a minor character may appear to have an insignificant role, but upon observing them in detail, their role can be much more significant that first perceived.

Fundraising Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Fundraising Plan - Assignment Example This year, â€Å"West Liberty website† (2014) emphasizes that the University requires a total of $ 4 million that will benefit the entire student community as well as, the community around the institution. The effect of the fundraising will reflect not only this year, but, also in many years to come. The fundraising will improve the institutions, athletic programs so that the institution can retain its ‘nation’s finest’ athletics title. â€Å"The State Journal† (2014) was keen to note, that during the last summer, the institution started a new master’s degree in Physician Assistant Studies that will require qualified lecturers to be recruited as well as other supporting staff. This fundraising will enable the new degree program become a success and see that the graduates will become productive in their areas of expertise. Garecht (n.d) states that a fundraising plan requires a reliable team and the use various fundraising techniques that will help in making the most from a campaign. The first fundraising tactic that will be used events which will be both major and minor. The minor event will be a â€Å"gala dinner-dance† that will be held on the 20th of October, 2014. The aim of planning this gala event is to raise approximately $1 million dollars out of the $ 4 million target of this year. In kind donations are welcome from our donors and parents through direct mail or online giving through our website page. The fundraising will also target our past and potential donors from banks and other financial institution for a target of $ 1.5 of the total $4 million this year. The institution will also hold a â€Å"walk for Western Liberty University† campaign that will be held on the 30 of November, 2014 with a target of $ 1 million. The annual final event that will close this year’s fu nd raising will be a golf tournament and, thanksgiving at the school’s stadium that will host all NCAA Division-II institutions on the 20th of December, 2014. The target for

Skeleton argument Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Skeleton argument - Case Study Example 6. ‘The Law Commission and The Scottish Law Commission’ established that in consumer contracts there are terms included that are not personally negotiated2. The role of UCTA is to determine if the terms used are fair or unfair. In this particular case Ms Edwards was not involved in any kind of negotiations on term (a) and (b) of the tenancy agreement. 7. The ‘Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977’ mentions that it is necessary for the terms in a contract to meet the specification of reasonableness3. This would permit a term to be fair and dependent. The terms in the tenancy contract did not meet these requirements. 2. The ‘Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977’ 2 (2) states that in the event of harm or loss, the individual shall not limit or eliminate the liability unless the term fulfils the necessity of reasonableness4. In this case the term (c) is considered unreasonable. 3. In the case of London Borough of Newha v Khatun, Zeb and Iqbal; CA [24-Feb-2004] held that the terms of a tenancy agreement are controlled by the Unfair Contract Regulations to determine the unfair phrases and prevent them from being enforced5. Scottish Ministers ‘The Law Commission and The Scottish Law Commission’ Justice.gov.uk (February 2005) Ë‚http://lawcommission.justice.gov.uk/docs/lc292_Unfair_Terms_In_Contracts.pdfËÆ' Accessed January 1,

Sexual violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sexual violence - Essay Example The majority of the victims tends to blame themselves, and thus fails to give information about the heinous acts of sexual violence, which the offenders perpetrate on them. The reasons that compel victims not to report cases of rape encompass fear, feeling of helplessness, and perceived powerlessness of the security agents such as the police. Similarly, the victims fail report the sexual assaults because of the threat of further victimization from the authorities. The speech indicated that personal fear and lack of trust in the security agents contributes to the unreported cases of sexual assault. These are the lessons that everyone should draw, and then explore ways of dealing with the fear because sexual assault has emotional, physical, and psychological ramifications. It seems that people do not have hope in the police, and thus they chose to remain silent on cases centering on sexual violence. In fact, the event drew a significant lesson that people should take the responsibility of reporting any case of sexual violence. The victims should view that sexual assault is heinous and a disrespect for an individual’s dignity. No one should go silent on issues that violate one’s right to live a respected life devoid of interference of any sort. In fact, the higher education should organize such events regularly in order to equip the students with the right skills that are integral in their lives. Many students are subject to the se xual violence, and events discussing issues central to student life ought to feature prominently in the institutions’ calendars. The student involvement in the campus community plays a critical in ensuring that the learners live a success life in college. The activities foster a sense of togetherness and promote the growth of a community of scholars who exhibit a prime target of acquiring knowledge to apply it in the future

How Increase in Fuel Prices are Effecting the Airline Industry Essay

How Increase in Fuel Prices are Effecting the Airline Industry - Essay Example This paper illustrates that since the fuel cost is one of the major costs incurred by the airlines therefore, the continuous increase in the fuel prices for the last years has been very threatening for all airlines. The major impact of increase in fuel prices is reflected in the increasing operating expenses and operating losses of airlines. Even the airlines which have been able to survive during this turmoil through their aggressive hedging options could not make targeted revenues. The rise in fuel prices has not only influenced the airlines individually but it has also influenced the entire world airline industry. According to International Air Transport Association, the profits of airlines will reduce with the rise in oil prices. The net profit of airline industry will be $8.6 billion in 2011 as compared to $16 billion in 2010. Moreover, if the unrest situation in Libya and Middle East persists then oil prices will further increase which will negatively influence the airline indu stry. At individual level, all airlines have been incurring huge losses for the last few years. The United States Passenger Airlines Industry faced a total operating loss of $4.3 billion in first three quarters of year 2008. According to the report of Government Accountability Office, the price of jet fuel was the major operating expense in 2008 and the major contributor of loss in 2008. The fuel costs were 25 percent of the total expense of the airlines in the first three quarters of 2007 however, in the first three quarters of 2008, the fuel costs became 32 percent of the total expense. In the third quarter of 2008, when fuel prices increased by 60 percent as compared to 2007, seven smaller airlines stopped their operations and many entered into bankruptcy. Today, the rise in fuel prices is continuously harming the operations of airlines around the world. Air India, the national carrier of India is facing a loss of Rs. 600 crore a month. The monthly income of the airline is Rs. 1, 100 crore whereas; the expense of airline was Rs. 1,700 crore and the increase in fuel prices was the major factor for this loss. According to Bob Herbst of AirlineFinancial, if the fuel prices remain at $105 per barrel in 2011 then the major eight airlines of the United States will have to pay more than $9 billion on fuel costs as compared to 2010. Moreover, these airlines will have to improve their revenues to breakeven to avoid any operating loss. On the other hand, a few airlines are also reporting the profits despite the high fuel costs. Korean Air reported a net profit of $29 million in second quarter of 2011 as compared to a huge loss during the same period in 2010. The airline claims that despite the high fuel prices, the airline has been able to make profits in the second quarter of 2011. Interestingly, the increase in fuel prices has also provided significant benefits to few airlines like Southwest Airlines. Southwest Airlines had the advantage over its competitors because of its hedged fuel prices. The company had hedged 70 percent of its fuel consumption at $51 per barrel when other airlines were paying $135 per barrel. However, the airline will ultimately go under the impact of high fuel prices because in 2012, the airline will be having only 15 percent of its total fuel purchases at $63 per barrel.

The Los Angeles riots of 1992 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Los Angeles riots of 1992 - Term Paper Example The riots that expressed the anger of the civilian population after a jury acquitted four Los Angeles Police Department officers of assault and use of excessive force, began on April 29th 1992 in South Los Angeles then spread out into other areas of the Los Angeles metropolitan area of California. In the hours and days that followed the verdict, thousands of people joined and participated in the riots (King & Spagnola, 2012). Rodney King and two other passengers, on March 3rd 1991, were driving through the Lake View Terrace neighborhood of Los Angeles westwards on the Foothill Freeway (I-120) when the Californian Highway Patrol (CHP) attempted to initiate a traffic stop. King, who was the driver, refused to oblige and what ensued was a dangerous high-speed pursuit (with speeds as high as 115 mph) initially over freeways then into crowded residential neighborhoods. After a lengthy chase, King finally came to a stop. An arrest of King and the two other occupants was ordered by CHP officer Timothy Singer and his wife, CHP officer Melanie Singer. The other two passengers who rode with King complied and were placed in a patrol vehicle. However, King was not so co-operative. Five white Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) officers, namely Stacey Koon, Laurence Powell, Timothy Wind, Theodore Briseno and Rolando Solano, attempted to subdue the stubborn King (Cannon, 1997). However, in their attempts, the officers deviated from the usual protocol which involve tackling and cuffing of a suspect but rather tasered King, kicked him in the head and assaulted him with PR-24 batons for more than a minute then finally tackled and cuffed him. In their defense, the officers claimed that King, at the time of the incident was under drug (PCP) influence which resulted in him exhibiting aggressive and violent tendencies towards the law enforcers.

Philosophy of Education Essay Example for Free

Philosophy of Education Essay Introduction No doubts that the demand for English language proficiency is high as Malaysians enter the international arena. Ergo, the purpose of this paper is to discuss on one of the hottest issues that perturbs the nation – low English language proficiency among Malaysian students. In order to understand more about the issue, we sought to dig the root causes of the issue and in doing so we discovered that the teaching methods applied by teachers because of the factors are contributing to the issue as well. In other words, the factors are interrelated to the reasons why such ill teaching methods are being applied and all these are resulting in low production of good English speakers in Malaysia. First of all, low English language proficiency is the unsatisfactory ability of an individual to speak or perform in English. The overriding concern with this issue is not unreasonable as we need the language to thrive in this 21st century. On the other hand, teaching methodology refers to a set of different principles and methods that are used to instruct students in a teaching and learning environment. In the educational settings, it is rather important to induce the peak performance from the students. This simply means that, we have to conquer the deterrent (i. e. the factors of the issue), whether we modify them or we eliminate them. Like any other issues, there is no such theory as â€Å"one-size-fits-all† solution to handle it. Therefore, we, as the future English teachers want to bring forth several possible recommendations as ways to overcome this issue in hopes that these approaches can truly be implemented and make a difference in the history of English Education in  Malaysia. Issue The pressing issue with low English language proficiency among Malaysian students has been revolving in the ministry of Education. Most students had no problem coping English Language during preschool whereby they were only exposed to the alphabet and very simple words. The real problem began to exist in the elementary level when most of the students were unable to follow the lessons. Students who cannot master English basic skills in this elementary level will breed more problems during the secondary and tertiary level in schools. In primary education, students are not being placed in a very conducive English language learning environment in which they will be given bountiful opportunities to use the language (Ali, 2003). Students fail to use English on a daily basis and when they are forced to use English to communicate, they speak pejorative English which causes the flow of communication to be stymied. This is probably the main reason why students converse in their own mother tongue more often than they do in English. In the modern age of technology, students with low English language proficiency will not make the most out of the internet because most of the websites are in English. If they cannot understand English used in the websites, they will have a hard time attempting to utilize the device. Not only that, the demand of high English language proficiency is around the globe. We can survive here in Malaysia with national language (i. e. Bahasa Malaysia) and our proud dialects yet we need English Language if we want the whole world to know us. Without a good grasp of the English language, students will be deprived of many opportunities in life since English is the international language. Hence, if we want to make a difference in this situation, we will have to start with the primary education. We believe that this issue shall no longer haunt the Malaysians once the root problems have been improvised or rather, solved. Factors The issue with the low English language proficiency among Malaysian students has arisen because the educators are not aware of the manipulative factors behind this tragic scenario. In this section, we will explore these contributory factors. First of all, the number of students is crucial in determining the quality of teaching and learning process. In Malaysia, most of the schools place 30-40 students in one class. In spite of the level of English standard of each student is different, teacher attempts to teach students in the same way. Due to this large number of students in one class, the teacher often has no choice but to apply the boring method – lecture method. To a certain extent, lecture method is appropriate but if that is the only method the teacher is going to apply in class, it will result in dullness and inefficiency. In addition, the large number of students inhibits the teacher to give attention to every single student thus passive learning ensues. Another factor of impeding the students’ ability in English language is that students themselves fall short of initiative and participation in the classroom (Juhana, 2012). Students show no interest in a so-called foreign language and hence very reluctant to get involved with the teaching and learning session. They are inactive to put their own effort in seeking knowledge. For instance, when a student does not understand a certain word in an essay, he or she expects the teacher to provide the meaning. So, instead of waiting for the students to take the initiative to check on the dictionary (which takes time), teacher simply resorts to spoon-feeding method (i. e. providing every material for the students). In the end, only the teacher is learning and the students will merely passively wait on the teacher for answers. In an English class, the reason students failed to use English effectively also attributes to the Eastern philosophy whereby a teacher has the tendency to criticize students’ mistakes very harshly. It demotivates students, making them fearful of speaking the next time and in the worst scenario, students hate the subject and pass up the opportunity of learning. Teachers are impatient with the students’ slips of tongue and they consider such mistakes as a sign of failure. When the students do speak correctly, the teachers think it is how it should be done and they rarely give any words of encouragement or compliments (Hassan Jamaludin, n. d. ). This tendency indirectly renders the teacher to apply autocratic teaching style which is not helpful for English language learning. This method emphasizes on the teacher’s authoritative identity hence it is very hard for such strict-and-powerful autocratic image to smile and give compliments. Furthermore, due to the exam-oriented platform, many teachers rush through the year in order to push the students to sit for the examination (Ali, 2003). In the English classroom, many teachers have no time to concern with the understanding of students regarding to the rules of grammar, the structures of the sentences and whatnot. For example, they give students essays and require them to copy and memorize. The way to prepare the students for examination the teachers deem best is by drilling. However, such rote learning will only result in stress instead of meaningful learning experience. Eventually, the students are drilled to become competent only on papers but failed completely in daily usage of English. All these factors are equally pernicious in taking a toll on the second language performance among Malaysian students. As educators, we have to generate the strategies to overcome these factors and make the impossible possible. Solutions Previously, we have discovered many factors that indirectly cause the teacher to implement inappropriate teaching methods and so result in low English language proficiency. These factors sum up in one word: teacher-centered. This explains why the teachers are hardly implementing various innovative teaching methods. Teacher-centered method applied in today’s classroom is not effective anymore. Instead of using teacher-centered method, student-centered method which derived from the Modern and Western philosophies should be implemented. Progressivists believe that education should focus on the whole child, rather than on the context or the teacher. Hence, since the number of students is large, the schools should bring in more facilitators in a class to assist the students. This will help the facilitator pays close attention to the students. With the assistance of facilitators in a classroom, there is no reason why active learning cannot take place. For example, one leading teacher can carry out the group discussion and enable the children to experience hands-on learning. A French philosopher, Jean Paul Sartre, suggested that for youth, the existential moment arises when young people realize for the first time that choice is theirs, that they are responsible for themselves. The nature of reality for Existentialists is subjective, and it lies within the individual. They have the freedom to take charge of their own learning as  they are given the opportunity to manage their own learning process. We as teachers are responsible to facilitate the students in their learning process rather than teaching them what to do. This indirectly helps to provide opportunity for the students to take control of their own learning process. As they are interested in what they have chosen to read or learn, they will be the ones who solve the problem (e. g. meaning of a word) instead of being spoon-fed by the teachers. In this way they will be able to make progress in their lessons and participate more. Western philosophers stress on active participation on their learners but to criticize and demotivate the students is not proper in the western philosophy. Western education philosophy believes that providing compliments to the students is an important task for a teacher as it will motivate the students to strive hard. For example, compliments given to the students when they score well in their examination or did a good job in the task or assignments given by the teacher. However, teachers should not only provide compliment when they excel but also to give encouragement when they are not doing so well in the examination. For instance, during an English class, teacher distributes the test papers after the examination, it is not encouraged for the teacher to read out loud the score as it will demotivate and also embarrass the student. It is better that the teacher gives a word of encouragement so to push them to work harder next time. Furthermore, the education ministers should really abolish the exam-oriented system. Instead, the 50% coursework assessment should enter the system. Coursework can include all kinds of fun activities that require students to apply the language learned. This is to overcome the agonizing drilling method. With that, Western philosophy that emphasizes on understanding the subject matter can be very handy in this scenario. For example, the students should learn by understanding the reasons why each part of speech in grammar has different functions. In a nutshell, according to the Western philosophy, students learn by meaningful learning, they do not memorize what they have learnt but rather understand what they are learning. These philosophical resolutions are only useful provided the government, educators, teachers, parents and students and community at large give their best cooperation into making them a success. If we are serious about improvising the English language proficiency among Malaysian students, nothing can stop us, not even the factors of the failure in the first place. Conclusion In conclusion, teaching methodology contributes towards the effectiveness and success of the teaching and learning process. As what we have explored there are several factors that hinder the English Language proficiency among Malaysian students. Among those contributory factors discussed are the number of students, students’ shortfall of motivation, harsh criticism for students’ mistakes and the exam-oriented education system. All these factors are very much harmful in the process of second language acquisition (i. e. English Language). As such, we have provided remarkably appropriate strategies as the solutions to overcome this issue. They are the implementation of student-centered teaching which focuses on the students’ their ideas and opinions, providing more teachers as facilitators in class, hands on learning (Progressivism), place importance on individual choice (Existentialism), giving compliments instead of criticism (Western Philosophy), and learn through understanding rather than mere memorization (Western Philosophy). Hence, by utilizing all the four education philosophies in moderation which are Modern philosophies such as Progressivism and Existentialism, also the two Western approaches that focus on students rather than the teachers. We strongly agree with usage of the Modern Philosophies and the Western Philosophies according to the needs and suitability of class as what we have discussed. We believe that we can produce an ideal education transformation to develop individual holistically and thus enhance the English Language proficiency by applying and practicing appropriate teaching methods to encounter the troublesome factors. References Ali, M. S. (2003). English Language Teaching in Primary Schools: Policy and Implementation Concerns. IPBA E-Journal, 2-3. Hassan, A. Jamaludin, N. S. (n. d. ) Approaches Values in Two Gigantic Educational Philosophies: East and West. Retrieved on March, 22, 2013 from http://www. oerj. org/View? action=viewPaperpaper=7 Juhana, J. (2012). Psychological Factors That Hinder Students from Speaking in English Class (A Case Study in a Senior High School in South Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia). Journal of Education and Practice, Vol 3, No 12. , 103.